Who Were the 12 Disciples of Jesus?

The twelve disciples (also called apostles) were Jesus’ closest followers, chosen to receive His teaching firsthand and to carry the gospel to the world. Their lives model transformation—from fishermen, tax collectors, and zealots into world‑changing witnesses.

The List of Twelve

Peter (Simon): A Galilean fisherman; bold leader after Pentecost.
Andrew: Peter’s brother; introduced people to Jesus.
James (son of Zebedee): One of the “Sons of Thunder”; martyred under Herod Agrippa.
John (brother of James): “The beloved disciple”; author of the Fourth Gospel and Revelation.
Philip: From Bethsaida; brought Nathanael to Jesus.
Bartholomew (Nathanael): Known for honesty; “an Israelite without deceit.”
Matthew (Levi): Former tax collector; wrote the Gospel of Matthew.
Thomas: Famously doubting; later witnessed Jesus’ resurrection.
James (son of Alphaeus): Often called “James the Less”; details of his ministry scarce.
Thaddaeus (Jude, son of James): Also called Lebbaeus; author of the Epistle of Jude.
Simon the Zealot: Former member of a nationalist party; embraced Jesus’ kingdom values.
Judas Iscariot: The treasurer; his betrayal led to Jesus’ arrest.

Significance of Their Calling

Jesus called each by name (Mark 3:13–19), inviting ordinary people into an extraordinary mission. After His resurrection, all except Judas endured persecution, carrying the gospel across the Roman world.

Application

Reflect on Peter’s impulsive faith, John’s devotion, and Thomas’ doubts—to see that Jesus uses diverse personalities to advance His kingdom today.

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